Predictingthepast
Google DeepMindOfficialPublished by Google DeepMind
- Skill
- Tool integration
- Science and research
- Apache-2.0
- Low risk
- Has scripts
AutoGineer summary
Written by AutoGineer from the skill’s own files, not by the author
Predicting The Past provides an interface for the Aeneas and Ithaca neural network models to analyze ancient epigraphic documents. It supports Latin and Ancient Greek texts, enabling users to restore damaged inscriptions, determine their geographical and chronological origins, retrieve parallel texts, and generate embedding vectors. The skill includes preprocessing utilities for text cleaning and visualization tools to generate interactive HTML dashboards for research results.
What it does
- Restores missing or damaged characters in ancient inscriptions
- Determines the geographical and chronological origin of texts
- Retrieves parallel inscriptions for contextual analysis
- Generates text embedding vectors for ancient language data
- Cleans and normalizes Latin and Ancient Greek input text
- Visualizes analysis results in interactive HTML dashboards
When to use it
- When you need to restore damaged or incomplete ancient inscriptions
- When you need to identify the likely time and place of an inscription's origin
- When you need to find similar or parallel ancient texts
- When you need to generate vector embeddings for epigraphic research
Advantages
- Automates complex epigraphic tasks like restoration and attribution
- Provides standardized preprocessing for Latin and Greek datasets
- Generates rich, visual HTML reports for research findings
- Supports multi-window processing for long inscriptions
Usage examples
- “Restore the missing characters in this Latin inscription: donat in ??????????rtis”
- The agent cleans the input, runs the Aeneas model to predict the missing characters, and presents the top beam-search candidates in a table.
- “Where and when was this Greek inscription written? [insert text]”
- The agent processes the text, runs geographical and chronological attribution, and provides a ranked table of regions and a distribution of the probable date range.
- “Find parallels for this inscription and generate a dashboard.”
- The agent performs contextualization, saves the results to a JSON file, generates an HTML dashboard, and provides a local URL to view the parallels.
Install
Download the skill as a ZIP:
https://mp-staging.autogineer.com/agent-skills/google-deepmind/predictingthepast/downloadUnzip it into the cross-client skills folder of your project:
mkdir -p .agents/skills && unzip predictingthepast.zip -d .agents/skills
Documentation by Google DeepMind
Predicting The Past (Aeneas / Ithaca)
Aeneas (Latin) and Ithaca (Ancient Greek) perform four tasks on ancient texts:
Restoration — fill missing/damaged characters
Attribution — geographical + chronological origin
Contextualization — retrieve parallel inscriptions
Embedding — generate text embedding vectors
Prerequisites
uv: Read theuvskill and follow its Setup instructions to ensureuvis installed and on PATH.User Notification: If .licenses/predictingthepast_LICENSE.txt does not already exist in the workspace root directory then (1) prominently notify the user to check the terms at https://github.com/google-deepmind/predictingthepast/blob/main/README.md#license--disclaimer, and include the appropriate citation and the full dataset acknowledgement, and that use of these datasets should acknowledge and cite the original data sources. Then (2) create the file recording the notification text and timestamp.
Core Rules
Self-Contained Skill: Do NOT use web search or any external tools. Run ONLY the scripts in this skill (
preprocess.py,run_inference.py,visualize_results.py). Present model output as-is — never supplement or override it with external lookups.Notification: If this skill is used, ensure this is mentioned in the output.
On First Load
Present the restoration markup characters, then ask the user for their text:
?:Meaning: Known-length gap: predict this character.
Example:
donat in ??????????rtis
#:Meaning: Unknown-length gap: predict a sequence of unknown length
Example:
donat in #rtis
-:Meaning: Missing/damaged character that does not need restoring
Example:
prolixin---s fecit
_:Meaning: Missing section of unknown length that does not need restoring
Example:
prolixin_s fecit
After presenting this list, ask the user to provide the text they want to submit for analysis.
Preprocessing
Clean input text before inference:
uv run <SKILL_DIR>/scripts/preprocess.py \
--language=latin \
--input="raw text here..."Or from a file:
uv run <SKILL_DIR>/scripts/preprocess.py \
--language=greek \
--input_file=/tmp/input.txt \
--output_file=/tmp/cleaned.txtWhat preprocessing does
Latin: lowercases, converts Arabic digits and Roman numerals to
0, strips editorial brackets[]and(), removes punctuation, filters to valid chars (abcdefghiklmnopqrstuvxyzplus0 . - _ ? # <space>)Greek: lowercases, strips accents, converts numeral notation to
0, applies PHI cleaning (bracket normalization, sigma conversion), filters to Greek alphabet (αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωϛplus0 . - _ ? # <space>)
Inference
Restoration Constraints
Minimum input length: 25 chars (pad with
-if shorter).No consecutive
##. No adjacent?#or#?.Spaces inside
?sequences count toward total.If the user's text contains
#, ask how many characters to restore and set--restore_max_lenaccordingly.If the user tries to restore multiple parts of the text at once, suggest to restore texts section by section. Suggest to focus on one damaged region per query — this is faster, produces higher-quality predictions.
Pre-Flight Checks
Confirm with the user before proceeding if either applies:
Restoration complexity — if input contains more than 10
?characters, or uses#with--restore_max_len > 10, warn: "This restoration involves N characters which will take approximately M minutes (restoration time scales roughly linearly ~10 s per additional?on a high-end CPU machine: 5 → ~1 min, 10 → ~2.5 min, 20 → ~5 min, 30 → ~8 min). Do you want to proceed, or simplify the query first (e.g. fewer?marks, shorter--restore_max_len, or restoring section by section)?"Multi-window splitting — if the input text exceeds 750 characters and will be split into multiple windows, warn: "This text is N characters long and will be split into W overlapping windows, each run independently. This will be significantly slower. Do you want to proceed, or shorten the input?"
These factors compound: a complex restoration across multiple windows will be substantially slower than either factor alone.
Task Selection
Each task is controlled by its own flag. At least one must be provided:
--attribute— geographical + chronological attribution--restore— text restoration (requires?or#in input)--contextualize— parallel inscription retrieval
Any combination is valid. All three can be used together.
When --embedding is provided, a text embedding vector is also generated
alongside the other tasks.
Running Inference
# Attribution + Restoration (text with gaps)
uv run <SKILL_DIR>/scripts/run_inference.py \
--language=latin \
--input="cleaned text with ???" \
--attribute --restore \
--output_json=/tmp/results.json
# Attribution + Contextualization (no gaps)
uv run <SKILL_DIR>/scripts/run_inference.py \
--language=latin \
--input="cleaned text" \
--attribute --contextualize \
--output_json=/tmp/results.json
# All tasks
uv run <SKILL_DIR>/scripts/run_inference.py \
--language=latin \
--input="cleaned text with ???" \
--attribute --restore --contextualize \
--output_json=/tmp/results.json
# Generate dashboard
uv run \
<SKILL_DIR>/scripts/visualize_results.py \
--input=/tmp/results.json \
--output=/tmp/dashboard.htmlOutputs are always returned to the console (JSON/Summary) and must always be written to an HTML dashboard for rich visualization.
Serving HTML artifacts: After generating any HTML file (the dashboard or
any other HTML artifact you create), start a background HTTP server so the user
can view it in their browser. Run the server in the foreground of the background
task process (without trailing &) to prevent the process from being
terminated. Use a random high port to avoid conflicts.
In the example below, replace <HTML_FILE> with the absolute path of the HTML
file you produced (e.g. /tmp/dashboard.html or C:\tmp\dashboard.html).
For Linux/macOS:
# Pick an unused port and start the server as a persistent process
HTML_FILE=/tmp/dashboard.html # ← set to the actual HTML file path
PORT=$(export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH" && uv run python -c "import socket; s=socket.socket(); s.bind(('',0)); print(s.getsockname()[1]); s.close()")
FILENAME=$(basename "$HTML_FILE")
echo "View URL: http://localhost:${PORT}/${FILENAME}"
export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH" && uv run python -m http.server "$PORT" --bind 0.0.0.0 --directory "$(dirname "$HTML_FILE")"For Windows (PowerShell):
# Pick an unused port and start the server as a persistent process
$HTML_FILE = "C:\tmp\dashboard.html" # ← set to the actual HTML file path
$PORT = & "$HOME\.local\bin\uv" run python -c "import socket; s=socket.socket(); s.bind(('',0)); print(s.getsockname()[1]); s.close()"
$FILENAME = Split-Path $HTML_FILE -Leaf
$DIRNAME = Split-Path $HTML_FILE -Parent
Write-Host "View URL: http://localhost:${PORT}/${FILENAME}"
& "$HOME\.local\bin\uv" run python -m http.server $PORT --bind 0.0.0.0 --directory $DIRNAMEThen provide http://localhost:<port>/<filename> (or
http://127.0.0.1:<port>/<filename>) as the primary clickable link in your
response. Additionally, provide http://<hostname>:<port>/<filename> as a
fallback link for remote setups. Do not give the user a raw file:// path.
Flags
--input: Text string (mutually exclusive with--input_file)--input_file: Path to UTF-8 text file--language:latinorgreek--models_dir: Model files directory (default:$HOME/.predictingthepast/models)--attribute: Run geographical and chronological attribution--restore: Run text restoration (requires?or#in input)--contextualize: Run parallel inscription retrieval--contextualize_top_k: Number of top parallels to return (default: 10)--contextualize_exclude_test_valid: Exclude test/validation texts from contextualization results. Filters on the internal numericid(whereid % 10is 3 or 4).--embedding: Generate a text embedding vector (default: off). When set, the output includes anembeddingfield with the full-precision float vector.--output_json: Save combined JSON to file (forvisualize_results.py)--restore_beam_width: Number of candidate restorations to explore in beam search. Higher = more thorough but slower (default: 100)--restore_max_len: Maximum total characters to restore across all?and#gaps (default: 15)--restore_temperature: Sampling temperature. Lower = conservative, higher = creative (default: 1.0)--window_overlap: Overlap fraction for long-text windowing (default: 0.33)
Long Texts (>750 characters)
Each window must be between 25 and 750 characters. If the input text exceeds 750 characters, it is automatically split into overlapping windows (default 33% overlap). Each window is run through the model independently, and the geographical and chronological attribution results are averaged across all windows. Restoration and contextualization are run per-window and concatenated.
Output Format
Use --output_json to save the combined JSON to a file. For the full
--output_json format including all fields for attribution, restoration, and
contextualization, see output_format.md.
Presenting Results
Present results for every task requested by the user. Always generate the
HTML dashboard, serve it via the background HTTP server described above, and
provide the http:// URL as a clickable link. Format years as BCE/CE.
Restoration
Bold the restored characters in the top prediction. Show top-10 beam-search candidates in a numbered table (rank, restored text, score). Summarise the most salient words (not characters) — do not dump the raw saliency array.
Geographical Attribution
Show the top 10 regions in a ranked table (rank, region, score). Highlight the top-1 prediction in the narrative. Summarise the most salient words (not characters) — do not dump the raw saliency array.
Chronological Attribution
Report top year and weighted average year. Describe the distribution shape (peak decade, probable range) — do not list all 160 bins. Summarise the most salient words (not characters) — do not dump the raw saliency array.
Contextualization (Parallels)
Use jp or write your own code to extract the contextualization data from
--output_json. Show the top parallels in a table (rank, ID, Trismegistos ID,
region, date range, score, partner link). Quote the full text of the top
parallels from the JSON.
If the user requests a specific number of parallels, use --contextualize_top_k
to control how many are returned.
If the user asks to exclude test/validation texts, add
--contextualize_exclude_test_valid. This filters on the internal numeric
id (where id % 10 is 3 for test or 4 for validation).
Embedding (when --embedding is set)
State the vector dimensionality (384 floats).
References
For more information, see: predictingthepast.com
IMPORTANT: The first time you return inference results to the user, remind them to cite the appropriate paper below (Ithaca for Greek, Aeneas for Latin), and the dataset acknowledgements below.
Ithaca (Ancient Greek): > Assael, Y., Sommerschield, T., Shillingford, B. et al. Restoring and attributing ancient texts using deep neural networks. Nature 603, 280–283 (2022).
Aeneas (Latin): > Assael, Y., Sommerschield, T., Cooley, A. et al. Contextualizing ancient texts with generative neural networks. Nature 645, 141–147 (2025).
Dataset Acknowledgements
IMPORTANT: The first time you present inference results to the user, include the appropriate citation and the full dataset acknowledgement for the language used (see below).
The Ithaca and Aeneas projects rely on the availability of high-quality datasets of ancient Greek and Latin inscriptions, respectively. These datasets were built through centuries of scholarly collection and decades of digital editorial work.
Ithaca (Ancient Greek): In particular, Ithaca draws on a 2019 version of the Searchable Greek Inscriptions database made available under "Fair Use" license by the Packard Humanities Institute, generously supported by David Packard: inscriptions.packhum.org.
Aeneas (Latin): Aeneas was trained on data from:
Epigraphic Database Roma (EDR): Made available pursuant to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY) on Zenodo. EDR is also available at edr-edr.it.
Epigraphic Database Heidelberg (EDH): Made available pursuant to a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA) on Zenodo. EDH is also available at edh.ub.uni-heidelberg.de.
ETL repository for Epigraphic Database Clauss Slaby (EDCS_ETL): Made available pursuant to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY) on Zenodo. EDCS_ETL is also available at manfredclauss.de and github.com/sdam-au/EDCS_ETL.
These resources bring together a large proportion of published inscriptions in a searchable digital format.
Files
- ATTRIBUTION.mdAdded by AutoGineer916 B
- LICENSELicence file added by AutoGineer11.1 KiB
- SKILL.md14.3 KiB
- references/iphi-region-sub-loc.json6.2 KiB
- references/iphi-region-sub.txt1.1 KiB
- references/led-proper-names.txt330.0 KiB
- references/led-region-sub-loc.json4.5 KiB
- references/led-region-sub.txt735 B
- references/output_format.md5.6 KiB
- scripts/preprocess.pyScript8.0 KiB
- scripts/run_inference.pyScript26.9 KiB
- scripts/visualize_results.pyScript23.3 KiB
scripts/visualize_results.py
# Copyright 2026 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Generate an interactive HTML from Predicting The Past JSON outputs.
Reads the combined JSON produced by run_inference.py and renders a single
self-contained HTML file with:
- Geographical attribution (horizontal bar chart + saliency map)
- Chronological attribution (histogram + mean/max markers + saliency map)
- Restoration hypotheses (monospace table with highlighted restored chars)
- Restoration saliency map (step-by-step per-character saliency)
- Contextualization parallels (card grid with metadata)
Usage:
uv run visualize_results.py --input results.json --output dashboard.html
cat results.json | uv run visualize_results.py --output dashboard.html
"""
# /// script
# requires-python = ">=3.10"
# ///
import argparse
import html
import json
import sys
from typing import Any
def bce_ce(year: int | None) -> str:
if year is None:
return ''
if year < 0:
return f'{abs(year)} BCE'
if year > 0:
return f'{year} CE'
return '0'
def saliency_spans(
text: str, saliency: list[float], color: str = '248,127,195'
) -> str:
parts = []
for i, ch in enumerate(text):
score = saliency[i] if i < len(saliency) else 0.0
safe = html.escape(ch) if ch != ' ' else ' '
parts.append(
f'<span style="background:rgba({color},{score:.2f})" '
f'title="saliency {score:.3f}">{safe}</span>'
)
return ''.join(parts)
def render_attribution_section(attr: dict[str, Any] | None) -> str:
"""Renders the geographical and chronological attribution HTML section."""
if not attr:
return ''
# Average Attribution already handled by run_inference.py if multi-window
loc_rows = ''
locations = attr.get('locations', [])
top10 = locations[:10]
max_score = max((l.get('score', 0) for l in top10), default=1) or 1
for loc in top10:
name = loc.get('location_name', f"Region {loc.get('location_id', '?')}")
score = loc.get('score', 0)
pct = score * 100
bar_width = (score / max_score) * 100
loc_rows += f"""
<tr>
<td class="region-name">{html.escape(name)}</td>
<td class="bar-cell">
<div class="bar-bg"><div class="bar-fill" style="width:{bar_width:.1f}%"></div></div>
</td>
<td class="score-val">{pct:.1f}%</td>
</tr>"""
top_year = attr.get('top_year', '')
avg_year = attr.get('weighted_average_year', '')
year_dist = attr.get('year_distribution', {})
year_labels = []
year_values = []
if year_dist:
for k in sorted(year_dist.keys(), key=int):
year_labels.append(bce_ce(int(k)))
year_values.append(year_dist[k] * 100)
avg_label = bce_ce(avg_year) if avg_year else None
top_label = bce_ce(top_year) if top_year else None
date_sal_html = ''
if 'date_saliency' in attr and 'input_text' in attr:
date_sal_html = f"""
<h3>Chronological attribution saliency map</h3>
<p class="desc">Purple shading highlights which characters most influenced the dating prediction.</p>
<div class="saliency-box">{saliency_spans(attr['input_text'], attr['date_saliency'])}</div>"""
loc_sal_html = ''
if 'location_saliency' in attr and 'input_text' in attr:
loc_sal_html = f"""
<h3>Geographical attribution saliency map</h3>
<p class="desc">Purple shading highlights which characters most influenced the geographical prediction.</p>
<div class="saliency-box">{saliency_spans(attr['input_text'], attr['location_saliency'])}</div>"""
year_chart_js = ''
if year_labels:
labels_json = json.dumps(year_labels)
values_json = json.dumps(year_values)
avg_label_json = json.dumps(avg_label)
top_label_json = json.dumps(top_label)
year_chart_js = f"""
<script>
google.charts.load('current', {{'packages': ['corechart']}});
google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(function() {{
var labels = {labels_json};
var values = {values_json};
var avgLabel = {avg_label_json};
var topLabel = {top_label_json};
function decadeRange(lbl) {{
var m = lbl.match(/^(\\d+)\\s*(BCE|CE)$/);
if (!m) return lbl;
var mid = parseInt(m[1], 10);
var era = m[2];
var lo = mid - 5, hi = mid + 5;
if (era === 'BCE') return hi + '-' + lo + ' ' + era;
return lo + '-' + hi + ' ' + era;
}}
var rows = [];
for (var i = 0; i < labels.length; i++) {{
var color = '#fdcc75';
if (avgLabel && labels[i] === avgLabel) color = '#da2b2f';
if (topLabel && labels[i] === topLabel) color = '#1a73e8';
rows.push([labels[i], values[i], color,
'Decade: ' + decadeRange(labels[i]) + '\\nProb: ' + values[i].toFixed(1) + '%']);
}}
var data = new google.visualization.DataTable();
data.addColumn('string', 'Date');
data.addColumn('number', 'Probability (%)');
data.addColumn({{type: 'string', role: 'style'}});
data.addColumn({{type: 'string', role: 'tooltip'}});
data.addRows(rows);
var chart = new google.visualization.ColumnChart(
document.getElementById('chronoChart'));
chart.draw(data, {{
legend: 'none',
hAxis: {{title: 'Date (years)', showTextEvery: Math.ceil(labels.length / 20)}},
vAxis: {{title: 'Probability (%)', minValue: 0}},
chartArea: {{width: '95%', height: '70%'}},
bar: {{groupWidth: '95%'}},
colors: ['#fdcc75'],
}});
}});
</script>"""
return f"""
<section>
<h2>Geographical Attribution</h2>
<p class="desc">Top-10 geographical attribution hypotheses ranked by probability.</p>
<table class="geo-table">
<tbody>{loc_rows}
</tbody>
</table>
{loc_sal_html}
</section>
<section>
<h2>Chronological Attribution</h2>
<p class="desc">Date distribution over decades between 800 BCE and 800 CE.
Top year: <strong>{bce_ce(top_year)}</strong>, weighted average: <strong>{bce_ce(avg_year)}</strong>.</p>
<div class="chart-container"><div id="chronoChart" style="width:100%;height:350px;"></div></div>
{year_chart_js}
{date_sal_html}
</section>"""
def render_restoration_window(
restore_data: dict[str, Any] | None, window_idx: int | None = None
) -> str:
"""Renders a single restoration window with hypotheses and saliency."""
if not restore_data:
return ''
missing = set(restore_data.get('missing', []))
input_text = restore_data.get('input_text', '')
input_chars = ''
for i, ch in enumerate(input_text):
safe = html.escape(ch) if ch != ' ' else ' '
if i in missing:
input_chars += f'<span class="pred">{safe}</span>'
else:
input_chars += safe
pred_rows = ''
for idx, pred in enumerate(restore_data.get('predictions', [])[:20]):
restored = set(pred.get('restored', []))
score = pred.get('score', 0)
text = pred.get('text', '')
chars = ''
for i, ch in enumerate(text):
safe = html.escape(ch) if ch != ' ' else ' '
if i in restored:
chars += f'<span class="pred">{safe}</span>'
else:
chars += safe
pred_rows += f"""
<tr>
<td class="header header-1">Hypothesis {idx+1}:</td>
<td class="header header-2">{score*100:.1f}%</td>
<td>{chars}</td>
</tr>"""
sal_rows = ''
for sal_entry in restore_data.get('prediction_saliency', []):
sal_text = sal_entry.get('text', '')
restored_idx = sal_entry.get('restored_idx', -1)
sal_values = sal_entry.get('saliency', [])
predicted_char = (
sal_text[restored_idx] if 0 <= restored_idx < len(sal_text) else '?'
)
if predicted_char == ' ':
predicted_char = '⎵'
chars = ''
for i, ch in enumerate(sal_text):
safe = html.escape(ch) if ch != ' ' else ' '
if i == restored_idx:
chars += f'<span class="pred restored-pos">{safe}</span>'
else:
alpha = sal_values[i] if i < len(sal_values) else 0.0
chars += (
f'<span style="background:rgba(171,71,188,{alpha:.2f})">'
f'{safe}</span>'
)
step_num = len(sal_rows.split('<tr>')) - 1
sal_rows += f"""
<tr>
<td class="header header-1">Step {step_num + 1}:</td>
<td class="header header-2">{html.escape(predicted_char)}</td>
<td>{chars}</td>
</tr>"""
sal_section = ''
if sal_rows:
sal_section = f"""
<h4>Restoration Saliency Map</h4>
<p class="desc">For each character predicted in the top hypothesis, purple
shading shows which input characters most influenced that step.</p>
<div class="mono-scroll">
<table class="mono-table" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="header header-2col">Input text:</td>
<td>{input_chars}</td>
</tr>{sal_rows}
</table>
</div>"""
title_suffix = f' (Window {window_idx + 1})' if window_idx is not None else ''
return f"""
<div class="window-block">
<h3>Restoration Hypotheses{title_suffix}</h3>
<div class="mono-scroll">
<table class="mono-table" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="header header-2col">Input text:</td>
<td>{input_chars}</td>
</tr>{pred_rows}
</table>
</div>
{sal_section}
</div>"""
def render_restoration_section(restore_data):
"""Renders the full restoration section, handling single or multi-window."""
if not restore_data:
return ''
html_content = '<h2>Restoration</h2>'
if isinstance(restore_data, list):
# Multi-window
for i, window_data in enumerate(restore_data):
if window_data:
html_content += render_restoration_window(window_data, window_idx=i)
else:
# Single window fallback
html_content += render_restoration_window(restore_data)
return f'<section>{html_content}</section>'
def render_contextualization_section(
ctx_data_list: list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
) -> str:
"""Renders the contextualization parallels section as a card grid."""
if not ctx_data_list:
return ''
# Ensure it is a list
if not isinstance(ctx_data_list, list):
ctx_data_list = [ctx_data_list]
cards = ''
card_index = 0
for win_idx, ctx_data in enumerate(ctx_data_list):
if not ctx_data:
continue
ids = ctx_data.get('ids', [])
texts = ctx_data.get('text', [])
loc_names = ctx_data.get('location_names', [])
loc_ids = ctx_data.get('location_ids', [])
date_mins = ctx_data.get('date_min', [])
date_maxs = ctx_data.get('date_max', [])
scores = ctx_data.get('score', [])
partner_links = ctx_data.get('partner_link', [])
ids_alt = ctx_data.get('ids_alt', [])
for i in range(len(ids)):
text = texts[i] if i < len(texts) else ''
rec_id = ids[i] if i < len(ids) else ''
province = ''
if i < len(loc_names) and loc_names[i]:
province = loc_names[i]
elif i < len(loc_ids) and loc_ids[i] is not None:
province = f'Region {loc_ids[i]}'
d_min = date_mins[i] if i < len(date_mins) else None
d_max = date_maxs[i] if i < len(date_maxs) else None
date_str = ''
if d_min is not None and d_max is not None:
date_str = f'{bce_ce(d_min)} – {bce_ce(d_max)}'
elif d_min is not None:
date_str = f'from {bce_ce(d_min)}'
elif d_max is not None:
date_str = f'until {bce_ce(d_max)}'
score = scores[i] if i < len(scores) else 0
score_pct = score * 100
link_html = ''
if i < len(partner_links) and partner_links[i]:
link_html = (
'<div><strong>Source:</strong> '
f'<a href="{html.escape(partner_links[i])}" target="_blank" '
'rel="noopener">View on partner site</a></div>'
)
alt_html = ''
if i < len(ids_alt) and ids_alt[i]:
for key, val in ids_alt[i].items():
alt_html += (
f'<div><strong>{html.escape(key)}:</strong> '
f'{html.escape(str(val))}</div>'
)
window_tag = (
f'<div class="window-tag">Win {win_idx+1}</div>'
if len(ctx_data_list) > 1
else ''
)
cards += f"""
<div class="card" id="card-{card_index}">
{window_tag}
<div>
<div class="plus-button" onclick="toggleCard(this)">+</div>
<p class="card-text">{html.escape(text)}</p>
</div>
<div class="metadata">
<div><strong>Record Number:</strong> {html.escape(str(rec_id))}</div>
{alt_html}
<div><strong>Province:</strong> {html.escape(province)}</div>
<div><strong>Date:</strong> {date_str if date_str else 'Not Available'}</div>
{link_html}
<div class="score-bar-container">
<div class="score-bar" style="width:{score_pct:.0f}%"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>"""
card_index += 1
return f"""
<section>
<h2>Parallels (Contextualization)</h2>
<p class="desc">Most relevant contextual parallels from the corpus, ranked by similarity.</p>
<div class="results-grid">{cards}
</div>
</section>"""
def build_html(data: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
"""Assembles the HTML from the inference data."""
attr = data.get('attribution')
restore = data.get('restoration')
ctx = data.get('contextualize')
num_windows = data.get('num_windows', 1)
window_note = ''
if num_windows > 1:
window_note = (
f'<p class="window-note">Text was split into {num_windows} '
'overlapping windows; attribution scores are averaged.</p>'
)
attribution_html = render_attribution_section(attr)
restoration_html = render_restoration_section(restore)
ctx_html = render_contextualization_section(ctx)
return f"""<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Predicting The Past — Results Dashboard</title>
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto+Mono:wght@400&family=Roboto:wght@300;400;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
<style>
* {{ box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }}
body {{ font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; color: #212529; background: #f8f9fa; padding: 24px; line-height: 1.6; }}
h1 {{ font-weight: 300; font-size: 2em; margin-bottom: 8px; }}
h2 {{ font-weight: 400; font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 0 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; border-bottom: 2px solid #e9ecef; }}
h3 {{ font-weight: 400; font-size: 1.15em; margin: 24px 0 8px; color: #495057; }}
h4 {{ font-weight: 400; font-size: 1.0em; margin: 16px 0 8px; color: #6c757d; }}
.desc {{ color: #6c757d; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 16px; }}
.window-note {{ background: #fff3cd; padding: 8px 16px; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 16px; }}
section {{ background: white; border-radius: 8px; padding: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); }}
.window-block {{ border-bottom: 1px dotted #e9ecef; padding-bottom: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; }}
.window-block:last-child {{ border-bottom: none; }}
/* Geo bar chart */
.geo-table {{ width: 100%; max-width: 600px; border-collapse: collapse; }}
.geo-table td {{ padding: 6px 8px; vertical-align: middle; }}
.region-name {{ font-size: 14px; white-space: nowrap; width: 160px; text-align: right; padding-right: 12px !important; }}
.bar-cell {{ width: 100%; }}
.bar-bg {{ background: #e9ecef; height: 20px; border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; }}
.bar-fill {{ background: #da2b2f; height: 100%; border-radius: 4px; transition: width 0.3s; }}
.score-val {{ font-size: 13px; color: #6c757d; white-space: nowrap; width: 50px; }}
/* Chrono chart */
.chart-container {{ width: 100%; margin: 16px 0; }}
/* Saliency */
.saliency-box {{ font-family: 'Roboto Mono', monospace; font-size: 15px; padding: 16px; border: 1px solid #e9ecef; border-radius: 4px; background: white; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.8; margin: 8px 0 16px; }}
/* Restoration table */
.mono-scroll {{ overflow-x: auto; margin: 8px 0 16px; }}
.mono-table {{ font-family: 'Roboto Mono', monospace; font-size: 14px; white-space: nowrap; table-layout: fixed; }}
.mono-table td {{ border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 4px 0; }}
.mono-table td.header {{ font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; position: sticky; background: white; }}
.header-1 {{ width: 120px; min-width: 120px; left: 0; text-align: right; padding-right: 8px !important; }}
.header-2 {{ left: 120px; width: 50px; min-width: 50px; max-width: 50px; text-align: center; padding-right: 5px !important; }}
.header-2col {{ width: 170px; min-width: 170px; left: 0; text-align: right; padding-right: 8px !important; }}
.mono-table td:not(.header) {{ border-left: 1px solid #ddd; padding-left: 5px; }}
.pred {{ background: #ddd; }}
.restored-pos {{ background: #bdb; font-weight: bold; }}
.mono-table tr:hover .header-2 {{ background: #bdb; font-weight: bold; }}
.mono-table tr:hover .restored-pos {{ background: #bdb; }}
/* Parallels cards */
.results-grid {{ display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(300px, 1fr)); gap: 20px; }}
.card {{ background: white; border: 1px solid #dee2e6; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); transition: box-shadow 0.2s; }}
.card:hover {{ box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); }}
.card-text {{ font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; color: #343a40; margin: 0 0 16px; height: 72px; overflow: hidden; }}
.card.is-expanded .card-text {{ height: auto; }}
.plus-button {{ position: absolute; top: 12px; right: 12px; width: 28px; height: 28px; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid #ced4da; background: white; color: #495057; font-size: 20px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; cursor: pointer; user-select: none; }}
.window-tag {{ position: absolute; top: 12px; left: 12px; background: #e9ecef; padding: 2px 6px; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 11px; color: #6c757d; font-weight: bold; }}
.metadata {{ font-size: 13px; color: #495057; border-top: 1px solid #e9ecef; padding-top: 12px; margin-top: auto; }}
.metadata div {{ margin-bottom: 4px; }}
.metadata strong {{ font-weight: 700; color: #212529; }}
.metadata a {{ color: #007bff; text-decoration: none; }}
.score-bar-container {{ width: 100%; height: 6px; background: #e9ecef; border-radius: 3px; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; }}
.score-bar {{ height: 100%; background: #ffc107; border-radius: 3px; }}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Predicting The Past — Results</h1>
<section>
<h2>Citation</h2>
<p class="desc">When using these outputs, please cite the corresponding paper:</p>
<p style="font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;color:#495057;">
<strong>Ithaca</strong> (Ancient Greek):<br>
Assael, Y., Sommerschield, T., Shillingford, B. et al.
Restoring and attributing ancient texts using deep neural networks.
<em>Nature</em> 603, 280–283 (2022).
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04448-z" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04448-z</a>
</p>
<p style="font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;color:#495057;">
<strong>Aeneas</strong> (Latin):<br>
Assael, Y., Sommerschield, T., Cooley, A. et al.
Contextualizing ancient texts with generative neural networks.
<em>Nature</em> 645, 141–147 (2025).
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09292-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09292-5</a>
</p>
<p style="font-size:13px;color:#6c757d;">For more information, visit
<a href="https://predictingthepast.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">predictingthepast.com</a>.
</p>
</section>
{window_note}
{restoration_html}
{attribution_html}
{ctx_html}
<section>
<h2>Dataset Acknowledgements</h2>
<div style="font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;color:#495057;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8px;">
The Ithaca and Aeneas projects rely on the availability of high-quality datasets
of ancient Greek and Latin inscriptions, respectively. These datasets were built
through centuries of scholarly collection and decades of digital editorial work.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:8px;">
<strong>Ithaca</strong> (Ancient Greek): In particular, Ithaca draws on a 2019
version of the Searchable Greek Inscriptions database made available under
“Fair Use” license by the Packard Humanities Institute, generously supported
by David Packard: <a href="https://inscriptions.packhum.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">inscriptions.packhum.org</a>.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:4px;"><strong>Aeneas</strong> (Latin): Aeneas was trained on data from:</p>
<ul style="margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:8px;">
<li>
<strong>Epigraphic Database Roma (EDR)</strong>: Made available pursuant to a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY) on
<a href="https://zenodo.org/records/3575495" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zenodo</a>.
EDR is also available at <a href="http://edr-edr.it" target="_blank" rel="noopener">edr-edr.it</a>.
</li>
<li>
<strong>Epigraphic Database Heidelberg (EDH)</strong>: Made available pursuant to a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA) on
<a href="https://zenodo.org/records/3575155" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zenodo</a>.
EDH is also available at <a href="https://edh.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">edh.ub.uni-heidelberg.de</a>.
</li>
<li>
<strong>ETL repository for Epigraphic Database Clauss Slaby (EDCS_ETL)</strong>:
Made available pursuant to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY) on
<a href="https://zenodo.org/records/7072337" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zenodo</a>.
EDCS_ETL is also available at <a href="http://www.manfredclauss.de/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">manfredclauss.de</a> and
<a href="https://github.com/sdam-au/EDCS_ETL" target="_blank" rel="noopener">github.com/sdam-au/EDCS_ETL</a>.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
These resources bring together a large proportion of published inscriptions in a
searchable digital format. Any use of these datasets should acknowledge and cite
the original data sources.
</p>
</div>
</section>
<script>
function toggleCard(btn) {{
const card = btn.closest('.card');
if (card) {{
const expanded = card.classList.toggle('is-expanded');
btn.textContent = expanded ? '−' : '+';
}}
}}
</script>
</body>
</html>"""
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description='Visualize Predicting The Past inference results as HTML.'
)
parser.add_argument(
'--input',
default='',
help='Path to JSON results file. Reads stdin if omitted.',
)
parser.add_argument(
'--output',
default='',
help='Path to write HTML dashboard. Prints to stdout if omitted.',
)
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.input:
with open(args.input, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
data = json.load(f)
else:
data = json.load(sys.stdin)
dashboard = build_html(data)
if args.output:
with open(args.output, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(dashboard)
print(f'Dashboard written to {args.output}', file=sys.stderr)
else:
print(dashboard)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Requirements and compatibility
Works with: Claude Code, Claude apps, OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Kiro, OpenCode, Goose, Amp, Roo Code, JetBrains Junie, Factory Droid, Devin (ex-Windsurf), Mistral Vibe, OpenHands, Letta
“Works with” means the tool reads the open Agent Skills format; a skill written for one tool may use features others lack.
Needs: Needs Python
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Attribution and licence
- Published by
- Google DeepMind
- Publisher
- Google DeepMind (Official)
- Source
- google-deepmind/science-skills · skills/predictingthepast · commit 4de6786
- Licence
- Apache License 2.0 (redistribution allowed)
- LICENSE (added by AutoGineer from LICENSE)
- ATTRIBUTION.md (written by AutoGineer)
- Synced
AutoGineer is not affiliated with or endorsed by Google DeepMind.
Download ZIP
The ZIP holds the skill’s files, its licence files and an ATTRIBUTION.md. Download predictingthepast.zip