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Requirements Author

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From the author

Requirements authoring guide for BRD and PRD across Discover, Define, and Govern with canonical templates and handoff contracts
— the description by Microsoft

AutoGineer summary

Written by AutoGineer from the skill’s own files, not by the author

The Requirements Author skill provides a structured methodology for managing the lifecycle of Business Requirements Documents (BRD) and Product Requirements Documents (PRD). It defines clear phases for discovery, definition, and governance, ensuring that requirements are testable, traceable, and ready for downstream implementation. The skill includes canonical templates, quality rubrics, and standardized handoff contracts to ensure consistency across project stages and agent sessions.

What it does

  • Provides canonical templates for BRD and PRD documentation.
  • Defines a multi-phase lifecycle for requirements from discovery to governance.
  • Establishes strict quality rubrics and atomicity checklists for acceptance criteria.
  • Manages traceability between business goals, functional requirements, and acceptance criteria.
  • Standardizes handoff payloads between BRD and PRD phases.
  • Maintains version lineage and governance records for approved requirements.

When to use it

  • When initiating a new project requiring formal business or product requirements.
  • When transitioning from business-level objectives to product-level specifications.
  • When you need to ensure requirements are testable, unambiguous, and traceable.
  • When establishing a governance process for document approval and version control.

Advantages

  • Ensures consistency in documentation structure and naming conventions.
  • Reduces ambiguity through rigorous atomicity and quality checks.
  • Facilitates seamless handoffs between business and product teams.
  • Provides clear audit trails through version lineage and governance logs.

Usage examples

“Initialize a new BRD for the upcoming project using the canonical template.”
The agent sets up the BRD structure, applying the required frontmatter and initializing the Discover phase.
“Validate the current set of acceptance criteria for the PRD.”
The agent applies the atomicity checklist to ensure each criterion is testable, atomic, and follows the defined quality rubric.

Install

  1. Download the skill as a ZIP:

    https://mp-staging.autogineer.com/agent-skills/microsoft/requirements-author/download
  2. Unzip it into the cross-client skills folder of your project:

    mkdir -p .agents/skills && unzip requirements-author.zip -d .agents/skills

Documentation by Microsoft

Requirements Author Skill

Overview

This skill defines how to produce and evolve requirements documents across the project lifecycle for two document types: the Business Requirements Document (BRD) and the Product Requirements Document (PRD). Shared requirements-engineering knowledge lives in references/_shared/, while BRD-specific and PRD-specific knowledge live in references/brd/ and references/prd/ so each consuming agent loads only what its document needs.

The canonical BRD template is brd-full.md with its brd-frontmatter-overlay.md, and the canonical PRD template is prd-full.md. The BRD Builder dispatches into the BRD phase anchors (#discover, #define, #govern); the PRD Builder dispatches into the PRD phase anchors (#prd-assess through #prd-finalize).

Use this skill with the references for the active document scope:

Shared (references/_shared/):

BRD scope (references/brd/):

PRD scope (references/prd/):

Handoff Transport Convention

The producing workflow owns each handoff's canonical transport, and the consumer validates the complete payload regardless of transport. An outcome hypothesis returns OUTCOME_HYPOTHESIS_TO_BRD_HANDOFF_V1 inline by default because it is a one-time seed derived from an already persisted source artifact; the user may instead supply a separately persisted payload path. BRD Govern persists BRD_TO_PRD_HANDOFF_V1 and returns its path because that payload is a durable governance record consumed across agent sessions. This asymmetry is intentional and does not change payload authority or validation.

BRD Lifecycle

PhasePrimary objectiveEntry conditionExit condition
DiscoverEstablish business context, stakeholder scope, and problem framingRequest or initiative is in intakeDiscover hard gate passes and artifacts are complete
DefineProduce complete, testable, and traceable requirements contentDiscover artifacts are approved for elaborationDefine hard gate passes with quality evidence
GovernFinalize, approve, and supersede BRD versions under lineage controlsDefine package is approved for governance reviewGovern hard gate passes and publication artifacts are recorded

Discover {#discover}

Activities
  • Capture business context, drivers, imposed constraints, and expected outcomes.

  • Identify stakeholders, decision owners, and review participants.

  • Define scope boundaries, assumptions, and dependency surfaces.

  • Draft initial requirement candidates and map early traceability placeholders.

  • Validate and disposition an OUTCOME_HYPOTHESIS_TO_BRD_HANDOFF_V1 payload when one is supplied.

Outcome hypothesis intake

Use Outcome Hypothesis-to-BRD Handoff as the canonical contract.

  1. Accept the YAML inline or from a user-supplied artifact path.

  2. Validate the complete payload before copying any value into the BRD.

  3. Reject unsupported versions, incomplete seeds, placeholder values, and invalid provenance. Do not reinterpret a rejected payload as unstructured evidence.

  4. Assign the next stable BG-### identifier.

  5. Record distinct statement, KPI, baseline, target, timeframe, measurement source, and owner values.

  6. Mark each seed field accepted or revised. For a revision, preserve the source value, current BRD value, and rationale.

  7. Map assumptions and open questions into their canonical BRD sections. Initialize each imported question to Open unless Discover explicitly confirms another BRD-owned status. Every deferred question requires a rationale for deferral and one target phase: PRD, Implementation, Operations, or Future-Release.

  8. Record the handoff ID, source path, source SHA-256, and KPI measurement source in the BRD provenance receipt.

Before Discover accepts the handoff, the validated payload is authoritative for imported seed values. Discover may explicitly accept or revise those values. After Discover exits, the BRD is authoritative. A later hypothesis change requires a new validated payload and explicit Discover re-entry.

Hard exit gate

Discover exits only when:

  • Scope is bounded and stakeholder ownership is explicit.

  • Core assumptions and constraints are documented and reviewable.

  • Seed artifacts needed for Define are present and internally consistent.

  • Any outcome-hypothesis handoff has passed validation, every imported seed field has an explicit disposition, and its provenance receipt is complete.

Output artifacts
  • Discover summary and scope statement.

  • Stakeholder inventory with role and ownership mapping.

  • Initial assumption and constraint register.

  • Seed requirement and traceability scaffold for Define.

  • Outcome-hypothesis receipt and field dispositions when a handoff was supplied.

Define {#define}

Activities
  • Author full BRD content using brd-full.md and the canonical naming rules.

  • Refine business goals and requirement sets with clear acceptance intent.

  • Build and verify author-maintained traceability links across FR, AC, BG, and BR records.

  • Perform quality assessment using the BRD quality reporting contract.

Hard exit gate

Define exits only when:

  • Requirement content is complete, unambiguous, and testable.

  • Traceability links satisfy the active ID schema and naming policy.

  • FR-to-AC coverage meets the active fr_to_ac_coverage_threshold_pct or has a recorded blocker.

  • Quality findings are generated and reviewed against the defined rubric.

Output artifacts
  • Full BRD draft package with structured sections.

  • Author-maintained traceability matrix aligned to naming and ID conventions.

  • BRD quality findings and consolidated quality report payloads.

  • Define gate decision record with reviewer notes.

Govern {#govern}

Activities
  • Prepare final BRD for approval with version metadata and lineage fields.

  • Bump approved BRDs from draft 0.x.y versions to 1.0.0 or higher.

  • Resolve or disposition remaining quality findings.

  • Publish approved BRD outputs and downstream handoff payloads.

  • Maintain supersession chain when issuing replacement BRD versions.

Govern handoff production

Before emitting BRD_TO_PRD_HANDOFF_V1, the BRD Builder applies the coverage and waiver validation rules in BRD-to-PRD Handoff, including zero-FR coverage handling. It records the following values from the signed-off BRD and final quality review:

  • A lowercase SHA-256 hash of the exact BRD artifact bytes at signoff.

  • Counts for FR, NFR, BR, CON, AC, and BG identifiers using id-schema.md.

  • FR-to-AC and FR-to-BG coverage metrics from the author-maintained traceability matrix.

  • The final BRD_QUALITY_REPORT_V1 reference, overall status, and Govern decision.

  • Signoff approvers, roles, decisions, approval timestamps, comments, and active waivers.

  • Waiver records for any accepted FR-to-AC threshold gap or FR-to-BG target gap.

After validation succeeds, write the complete YAML payload to .copilot-tracking/brd-sessions/<brd-name>.handoff.yml, record that path in BRD session state, and return the path with a compact Govern summary. Do not rely on an inline chat payload as the downstream transport.

Hard exit gate

Govern exits only when:

  • Approval status and required reviewers are recorded.

  • Version and lineage metadata are valid and complete.

  • The final quality report authorizes Govern exit.

  • Handoff artifacts are published for downstream consumers.

Output artifacts
  • Approved BRD release artifact.

  • BRD-to-PRD handoff payload.

  • Governance decision log with approval evidence.

  • Supersession linkage record for replaced BRD versions.

Status taxonomy

Use the following status values for BRD lifecycle tracking:

  • draft: Actively authored or revised.

  • in-review: Under formal review and gate validation.

  • approved: Accepted for governed use.

  • superseded: Replaced by a newer approved BRD.

Quality rubric pointer

Apply the BRD quality rubric and payload contracts from BRD Quality Formats together with guidance in Requirements Definition. Treat rubric results as gate evidence for Define and Govern decisions. The BRD Quality Reviewer emits both standard findings and the consolidated quality report.

Supersession lineage rules

  • A BRD can supersede one or more earlier BRDs when scope is merged.

  • A BRD can be superseded by only one approved successor version.

  • Every supersession event records supersedes and superseded_by links.

  • Supersession preserves historical artifacts for auditability.

PRD Lifecycle

The PRD Builder agent runs a seven-phase lifecycle. Each phase has its own section anchor below so the agent loads only the guidance for the active phase.

PhaseSection anchorPrimary objective
Assess#prd-assessDetermine whether enough context exists to create PRD files.
Discover#prd-discoverEstablish the PRD title, scope, and product goals.
Create#prd-createGenerate the PRD file and state file once context is clear.
Build#prd-buildGather detailed requirements iteratively.
Integrate#prd-integrateIncorporate references, documents, and external materials.
Validate#prd-validateEnsure completeness and quality before approval.
Finalize#prd-finalizeDeliver the complete, actionable PRD.

PRD Assess {#prd-assess}

Activities
  • Determine whether enough product context exists to create PRD artifacts.

  • Identify the initiative, problem statement, and primary target users.

  • Check for an upstream BRD_TO_PRD_HANDOFF_V1 artifact path and ingest its coverage and waiver context when present.

  • Check for an upstream feasibility-to-PRD handoff. Follow Feasibility-to-PRD Handoff to recognize it by kind, verify required metadata, verdict field presence, and a readable workspace-relative study path. Treat feasibility as supplementary evidence and preserve approved BRD scope.

  • For a new session, carry the handoff kind, path, ingest timestamp, verdict, and study revision identifier in the Assess output until Create writes the state file. When state already exists, update its feasibility-specific metadata object directly. Keep raw candidate content in the handoff artifact.

  • Decide whether to gather more context or proceed to file creation.

Hard exit gate

Assess exits only when:

  • A meaningful kebab-case PRD name can be derived.

  • Problem framing and primary users are identified.

  • Any available BRD handoff artifact has been read, its payload validated, and its coverage metrics recorded.

  • Any available feasibility handoff is recognized by kind, has readable workspace-relative paths, a valid verdict shape, and normalized metadata ready for Create or persisted in existing state.

Output artifacts
  • Assess summary noting context sufficiency.

  • Derived working title for the PRD.

  • Ingested handoff context when a BRD handoff payload exists.

  • Feasibility verdict, evidence summary, constraints, gaps, and normalized handoff metadata when a feasibility handoff exists. Negative verdicts create no candidate dispositions.

PRD Discover {#prd-discover}

Activities
  • Ask focused questions to establish the PRD title, scope, and product goals.

  • Explore the problem space using Product Discovery and MVP Framing.

  • Capture target users, candidate success metrics, and explicit non-goals using Metrics Frameworks.

Hard exit gate

Discover exits only when:

  • Title and scope are explicit.

  • Primary users and candidate success metrics are named.

  • In-scope and out-of-scope boundaries are recorded.

Output artifacts
  • Discovery summary.

  • Scope and non-goals statement.

  • Candidate success metrics.

PRD Create {#prd-create}

Activities
  • Generate the PRD file from prd-full.md and create the session state file once title and context are clear.

  • Populate the skeleton with the established scope, users, and goals.

  • Seed the iterative requirement and metric structure for Build.

  • When Assess produced normalized feasibility metadata, write its fields atomically to the new state file as feasibilityHandoff, carrying kind, path, ingestedAt, verdict, and studyRevisionId. State written before this contract may carry schemaVersion instead of kind; read it without error and rewrite the object to the current shape on the next feasibility metadata update. Do not persist raw candidate content.

Hard exit gate

Create exits only when:

  • The PRD file and state file exist.

  • The skeleton matches the canonical PRD structure.

  • Initial scope and goals are seeded.

  • Any normalized feasibility metadata from Assess is present in the newly created state before Build begins.

Output artifacts
  • PRD draft skeleton.

  • PRD session state file.

  • Seeded scope and goals sections.

  • Feasibility handoff metadata persisted when supplied.

PRD Build {#prd-build}

Activities
  • Gather detailed functional and non-functional requirements iteratively.

  • When feasibilityHandoff is present, read candidate content from its workspace-relative path. Stop if ingestion was reported but metadata is absent or the path is unreadable.

  • Give every forward-verdict feasibility candidate exactly one PRD-owned disposition: accepted-fr, accepted-nfr, accepted-constraint, retained-gap, rejected, or deferred. Treat concern hints as advisory evidence only.

  • Allocate final FR-###, NFR-###, or CON-### identifiers only after authoring and accepting the PRD statement. Preserve source handoff ID, source candidate ID, evidence references, disposition, rationale, and resulting PRD ID in the Feasibility Candidate Disposition register.

  • Preserve signed-off BRD authority. Record and explicitly resolve BRD and feasibility conflicts, or retain them as Build gaps when current evidence cannot support a responsible resolution.

  • Author acceptance criteria using EARS Acceptance and the Connextra Template.

  • Classify non-functional requirements with the NIST 800-160 NFR taxonomy and check stories against INVEST.

  • Maintain author traceability across requirements, goals, and metrics using Traceability Naming, Traceability Matrix, and id-schema.md.

Hard exit gate

Build exits only when:

  • Requirements are complete, testable, and traceable.

  • Acceptance criteria follow EARS or Given-When-Then form.

  • Non-functional requirements are categorized.

  • Coverage meets the active thresholds or records a blocker.

  • Every forward-verdict feasibility candidate has exactly one disposition row, every accepted row names its final PRD ID, and negative verdicts have no candidate rows.

Output artifacts
  • Full PRD requirement set.

  • Author-maintained traceability matrix.

  • Acceptance criteria and NFR classifications.

  • Feasibility Candidate Disposition register when a forward feasibility handoff exists.

PRD Integrate {#prd-integrate}

Activities
  • Incorporate user-provided references, documents, and external materials.

  • Reconcile incoming content with existing requirements and resolve conflicts.

  • Link supporting evidence to requirements and metrics.

Hard exit gate

Integrate exits only when:

  • Provided references are incorporated or explicitly deferred.

  • Conflicts between sources are resolved.

  • Supporting evidence is linked.

Output artifacts
  • Updated PRD sections with integrated references.

  • Reference and evidence linkage record.

PRD Validate {#prd-validate}

Activities
  • Assess completeness and quality before approval.

  • Run the PRD Quality Reviewer to emit PRD_STANDARD_FINDINGS_V1 and PRD_QUALITY_REPORT_V1 per PRD Quality Formats.

  • Review findings against the rubric and resolve or disposition gaps.

Hard exit gate

Validate exits only when:

  • Quality findings and the consolidated report are generated.

  • The report authorizes Validate exit via gate_decisions.validate_exit.

  • Coverage and quality thresholds are met or waived.

Output artifacts
  • PRD quality findings and report payloads.

  • Validate gate decision record.

PRD Finalize {#prd-finalize}

Activities
  • Deliver the complete, actionable PRD.

  • Resolve remaining findings and record version and approval metadata.

  • Run a Finalize drift check and publish downstream artifacts.

Hard exit gate

Finalize exits only when:

  • Approval status and required reviewers are recorded.

  • The final quality report authorizes Finalize exit via gate_decisions.finalize_exit.

  • No unresolved blocking findings remain.

Output artifacts
  • Approved PRD release artifact.

  • Finalize decision log with approval evidence.

References

The skill bundles reference documents under references/, organized into three scopes: shared requirements-engineering knowledge in references/_shared/, BRD-specific knowledge in references/brd/, and PRD-specific knowledge in references/prd/. Load a reference body only when its phase activity requires it; each body links to its own sub-references (standards pointers, scoring sheets, and worked examples).

Shared references (references/_shared/)
BRD references (references/brd/)
PRD references (references/prd/)

Templates

Templates under templates/ are selected by the document frontmatter and canonical document shape.

  • brd-full.md - Canonical BRD template covering every section from Executive Summary through Sign-Off.

  • brd-frontmatter-overlay.md - Schema for BRD YAML frontmatter, including diagram_format, lineage, coverage thresholds, and requirement-prefix overrides.

  • diagram-mermaid.md - Mermaid flowchart fragment; the default diagram format.

  • diagram-ascii.md - ASCII process-diagram fragment for low-fidelity Discover-phase sketches.

  • prd-full.md - Canonical PRD template covering every section from product overview through acceptance and metrics.

Data Contracts

Payload contracts govern quality assessment and downstream handoff for each document type. The quality and BRD handoff payloads carry a fixed schema_version; consumers fail fast on any other value, so those constants MUST NOT change. The feasibility-to-PRD handoff instead carries a plain kind marker, because its producer and consumer ship together and no version negotiation applies.

BRD data contracts:

Contractschema_versionReference
Standard findingsBRD_STANDARD_FINDINGS_V1brd-standard-findings-v1.md
Quality reportBRD_QUALITY_REPORT_V1brd-quality-report-v1.md
BRD-to-PRD handoffBRD_TO_PRD_HANDOFF_V1brd-to-prd-handoff-v1.md

PRD data contracts:

Contractschema_versionReference
Standard findingsPRD_STANDARD_FINDINGS_V1prd-standard-findings-v1.md
Quality reportPRD_QUALITY_REPORT_V1prd-quality-report-v1.md

Upstream PRD input contracts:

ContractIdentifierReference
BRD-to-PRD handoffschema_version: BRD_TO_PRD_HANDOFF_V1brd-to-prd-handoff-v1.md
Feasibility-to-PRD handoffkind: feasibility-to-prd-handofffeasibility-to-prd-handoff.md

The PRD lifecycle consumes both upstream contracts during Assess. BRD input supplies approved business context, coverage, and waivers. Feasibility input supplies a confirmed verdict, evidence, constraints, gaps, and candidate proposals for PRD Build. Neither contract bypasses PRD authoring.

Mandatory Load Directives

The BRD Builder and PRD Builder agents each enforce a phase → section load contract. Each phase MUST load its section of this skill before executing phase work, and MUST append the section anchor to state.phaseSkillsLoaded.

BRD Builder directives:

PhaseSection anchorRequired phaseSkillsLoaded entry
Discover#discoverbrd-author#discover
Define#definebrd-author#define
Govern#governbrd-author#govern

PRD Builder directives:

PhaseSection anchorRequired phaseSkillsLoaded entry
Assess#prd-assessprd-author#assess
Discover#prd-discoverprd-author#discover
Create#prd-createprd-author#create
Build#prd-buildprd-author#build
Integrate#prd-integrateprd-author#integrate
Validate#prd-validateprd-author#validate
Finalize#prd-finalizeprd-author#finalize

The agent reads sections of this skill file and records the entry in state.phaseSkillsLoaded before any phase work executes. phaseSkillsLoaded is durable load history, not proof that the guidance is present in the current model context. Within one live context, re-entering a phase whose section was already read does not require reloading. After a cold start, resume, or context summarization, the agent reloads the current phase section even when its entry is recorded.

Source Attribution

The bundled reference bodies cite third-party standards and frameworks by name and clause only; no upstream prose is reproduced or paraphrased. Where a reference names a standard's characteristics or categories, the accompanying review criteria, anchors, and indicators are original Microsoft content under CC BY 4.0, not reproductions of the standard's definitions; the authoritative definitions live in the cited standards. The cite-only registry in standards-excerpts.md is the single place new standards citations are added. Standards referenced by name include ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2018, ISO/IEC 25010:2023, IIBA BABOK v3, PMI Business Analysis for Practitioners, the ISTQB Glossary, OMG BPMN / DMN / UML, the Cucumber Gherkin pattern, and MoSCoW prioritization, each the property of its respective rights holder.

License

This skill is original Microsoft content licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Files

references/_shared/requirements-definition.md


description: 'Neutral requirement categories, statement form, and acceptance-criteria guidance for requirements-author consumers'

Requirements Definition

This reference defines neutral mechanics for classifying requirements, writing requirement statements, and authoring acceptance criteria. Consumers decide which document phase, gate, data contract, and reviewer applies these mechanics.

Requirement Categories

Requirements-author consumers can configure their own identifier families, but most artifacts use these neutral categories.

CategoryCapturesTypical identifier role
Functional requirementObservable behavior, capability, workflow step, user action, or system responserequirement
Non-functional requirementMeasurable quality property such as performance, reliability, security, usability, maintainability, compatibility, or portabilityquality
ConstraintImposed boundary on solution design, delivery, technology, budget, schedule, law, contract, or operationconstraint
Business or domain ruleStanding policy, regulatory obligation, decision rule, or operating rule the solution must upholdrule
Goal or outcomeDesired business, customer, product, or organizational outcome that motivates requirementsoutcome
DecisionAuthoring, scope, interpretation, prioritization, or design choice that affects downstream readersdecision

The configured identifier families in id-schema.md map these categories to document-specific prefixes.

Canonical Statement Form

Use this statement form for requirements that need stable downstream interpretation:

The <system, product, process, role, or component> shall <behavior or property> <object or target> <condition or trigger> so that <rationale or outcome>.

Required elements:

ElementPurpose
SubjectNames the system, product, process, role, or component that owns the obligation
Modal verbUses shall for binding requirements or a consumer-approved equivalent
Behavior or propertyStates the action, capability, rule, or measurable quality
Object or targetNames what the behavior acts on or what the property describes
Condition or triggerStates when, where, or under what scope the requirement applies
Rationale or outcomeExplains why the requirement matters or what need it supports

Consumers can omit the rationale from the visible sentence when it is stored in structured metadata, but the rationale must remain available for review and traceability.

Functional Requirements

Functional requirements describe externally observable behavior. They use active verbs, avoid implementation-only phrasing, and state one behavior per requirement.

Good functional requirements:

  • Name the actor, system, or process that performs the behavior.

  • State the trigger or condition that starts the behavior.

  • Identify the observable result.

  • Link to acceptance criteria through the configured traceability relationship.

Non-Functional Requirements

Non-functional requirements describe measurable quality properties. They need thresholds or observable evaluation conditions, not vague modifiers.

Useful NFR statement fields:

FieldPurpose
Quality categoryGroups the requirement under a consumer-selected quality taxonomy
MeasureNames the property being measured
ThresholdStates the target value, range, or limit
Operating conditionStates the load, data volume, environment, user population, or time window
Verification approachNames inspection, analysis, demonstration, test, or another objective method

Constraints

Constraints are externally imposed boundaries. They are distinct from non-functional requirements because the consumer cannot freely trade them off as product choices.

Record these fields when available:

  • Imposing source.

  • Affected system, process, data, geography, organization, or integration boundary.

  • Reason the boundary is non-negotiable.

  • Who can approve exceptions or changes.

  • Impact on solution scope or delivery.

Business or Domain Rules

Rules describe policy or domain logic the solution must respect. A rule may be enforced by one or more requirements, by a non-functional control, by an operational procedure, or by another downstream artifact.

Good rule statements:

  • Name the policy, regulation, or domain source when known.

  • State the condition that activates the rule.

  • State the required or prohibited outcome.

  • Link to enforcing requirements when those relationships are known.

Goals and Outcomes

Goals and outcomes describe the value the requirements are meant to achieve. They are not implementation obligations until decomposed into requirements.

Goals are stronger when they name:

  • Audience or stakeholder.

  • Measurable target or observable result.

  • Time horizon or decision point.

  • Connection to a strategy, need, metric, or problem statement.

The shared SMART reference smart-rubric.md can be used by consumers that want a goal-quality rubric.

Acceptance Criteria

Acceptance criteria state testable conditions for a requirement. They describe externally observable behavior or evidence and avoid solution-internal implementation detail unless the requirement itself is about that implementation surface.

Given/When/Then Format

Given/When/Then is the default format when behavior depends on context and an event. Each criterion is a triplet:

  • Given names the precondition or context.

  • When names the event, action, or input.

  • Then names the observable outcome.

Additional And or But clauses can extend a triplet when they do not add a second independent behavior. The full pattern, examples, and Cucumber attribution are documented in given-when-then.md.

Alternative Formats

The following formats are acceptable when they fit the requirement better. Mixed formats inside one requirement set should be deliberate and documented.

FormatUse when
Flat checklistThe behavior is tabular, batch-oriented, or state-based and triplets become repetitive
Rule with examplesA compact rule plus example rows communicates the behavior more clearly
Threshold statementA quality or NFR criterion needs a measurable target under stated conditions
Atomicity

Each acceptance criterion is atomic. Apply atomicity-checklist.md before recording it:

  1. One behavior per criterion.

  2. One precondition cluster per criterion.

  3. One observable outcome per criterion.

  4. No solution-internal references unless the requirement is explicitly about that surface.

  5. No quantifiers without thresholds.

  6. One actor and one system under test.

Quality References

Individual requirement quality is described in iso-29148-quality-attrs.md. General status taxonomy and score-to-status mechanics are described in quality-rubric.md. Consumers decide which attributes are scored, what thresholds apply, and whether a finding blocks progress.

Decision Tree

Use this quick-select when classifying or assessing a candidate item:

  1. Does the statement describe a behavior the solution or product must produce? Classify it as a functional requirement and rewrite it in the canonical statement form.

  2. Does the statement describe a measurable quality property rather than a behavior? Classify it as a non-functional requirement and ensure a threshold is recorded.

  3. Is the statement imposed from outside the artifact scope and not negotiable? Classify it as a constraint and record the imposing source.

  4. Is the statement a standing policy, regulatory obligation, or operating rule the solution must uphold? Classify it as a business or domain rule.

  5. Does the statement express a desired outcome without describing solution behavior? Classify it as a goal or outcome and decompose it later when needed.

  6. Is the statement compound? Split it into atomic statements before assigning identifiers.

  7. Is the item an authoring, prioritization, interpretation, or design choice? Record it as a decision when it affects downstream readers.

  8. Authoring acceptance criteria? Use Given/When/Then by default, switch to an alternative format when justified, and apply the atomicity rules.

Cite-Only Registry

The frameworks and standards below are referenced by name and clause only. Their text is not embedded in this repository.

  • IIBA BABOK v3 - requirements classification taxonomy and elicitation techniques.

  • ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2018 - requirements engineering, including individual-requirement characteristics. See standards-excerpts.md and iso-29148-quality-attrs.md.

  • ISO/IEC 25010 - product-quality model and quality characteristics. See standards-excerpts.md.

  • Volere Requirements Specification Template - requirement-shell concept. See standards-excerpts.md.

  • PMI Business Analysis for Practitioners - PMI BA Practice Guide.

  • Karl Wiegers, Software Requirements and Process Impact templates. See standards-excerpts.md.

  • arc42 - architecture documentation template.

  • OMG BPMN 2.0, DMN 1.4, and UML 2.5 - notation standards owned by process-modeling.md.

  • Cucumber project - Gherkin and Given/When/Then language pattern. See given-when-then.md.

  • Mike Cohn - flat-checklist style for acceptance criteria.

  • ISTQB Glossary - testability terminology.

Do not quote prose definitions from the frameworks above. When a paraphrase is needed, write original Microsoft content and cite the framework by name and clause.

References

Internal:

External (cite-only, no embedded text):

License

Original content in this reference is licensed under CC BY 4.0, copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. Third-party frameworks and standards listed in the cite-only registry remain the property of their respective rights holders.

Requirements and compatibility

Written for: GitHub Copilot, Claude Code

Works with: Claude Code, Claude apps, OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Kiro, OpenCode, Goose, Amp, Roo Code, JetBrains Junie, Factory Droid, Devin (ex-Windsurf), Mistral Vibe, OpenHands, Letta

“Works with” means the tool reads the open Agent Skills format; a skill written for one tool may use features others lack.

Needs: Claude Code frontmatter

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Attribution and licence

Published by
Microsoft
Publisher
Microsoft (Official)
Source
microsoft/hve-core · .github/skills/project-planning/requirements-author · commit f425e94
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (redistribution allowed)
  • LICENSE (written by AutoGineer)
  • ATTRIBUTION.md (written by AutoGineer)
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The ZIP holds the skill’s files, its licence files and an ATTRIBUTION.md. Download requirements-author.zip