Ruzzy
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AutoGineer summary
Written by AutoGineer from the skill’s own files, not by the author
Ruzzy is a production-ready, coverage-guided fuzzer designed specifically for the Ruby language. It leverages libFuzzer to enable robust testing of both pure Ruby code and native C extensions. By integrating with sanitizers like AddressSanitizer (ASan) and UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer (UBSan), it helps developers identify memory corruption, undefined behavior, and other critical vulnerabilities within Ruby gems and applications.
What it does
- Provides coverage-guided fuzzing for Ruby code and C extensions
- Supports integration with AddressSanitizer and UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer
- Enables detection of heap overflows, use-after-free, and other memory safety issues
- Includes a tracer mechanism for fuzzing pure Ruby logic
- Allows passing custom libFuzzer options for fine-tuned campaigns
- Supports reproduction of crashes using saved crash artifacts
When to use it
- When you need to perform coverage-guided fuzzing on Ruby libraries or applications
- When testing Ruby C extensions for memory safety and undefined behavior
- When you need to identify crashes in Ruby gems with native components
- When you require a production-ready fuzzing solution for the Ruby ecosystem
Advantages
- Only production-ready coverage-guided fuzzer for Ruby
- Directly detects memory corruption in C extensions
- Integrates seamlessly with standard LLVM sanitizers
- Flexible harness structure for both pure Ruby and C-based targets
Usage examples
- “How do I set up a harness to fuzz a Ruby C extension like msgpack?”
- The agent provides a Ruby script using the Ruzzy gem, wrapping the target method in a lambda and handling exceptions to ensure the fuzzer focuses on memory corruption.
- “How can I run a fuzzing campaign on my Ruby code with a corpus?”
- The agent provides the command using LD_PRELOAD to inject the sanitizer library, followed by the ruby command, the harness file, and the path to the corpus directory.
- “What flags should I use to compile a Ruby gem for fuzzing?”
- The agent lists the necessary CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS, including -fsanitize=address,fuzzer-no-link, -fno-omit-frame-pointer, and -g for debug symbols.
Install
Download the skill as a ZIP:
https://mp-staging.autogineer.com/agent-skills/trailofbits/ruzzy/downloadUnzip it into the cross-client skills folder of your project:
mkdir -p .agents/skills && unzip ruzzy.zip -d .agents/skills
Documentation by Trail of Bits
Ruzzy
Ruzzy is a coverage-guided fuzzer for Ruby built on libFuzzer. It enables fuzzing both pure Ruby code and Ruby C extensions with sanitizer support for detecting memory corruption and undefined behavior.
When to Use
Ruzzy is currently the only production-ready coverage-guided fuzzer for Ruby.
Choose Ruzzy when:
Fuzzing Ruby applications or libraries
Testing Ruby C extensions for memory safety issues
You need coverage-guided fuzzing for Ruby code
Working with Ruby gems that have native extensions
Quick Start
Set up environment:
export ASAN_OPTIONS="allocator_may_return_null=1:detect_leaks=0:use_sigaltstack=0"Test with the included toy example:
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; Ruzzy.dummy'This should quickly find a crash demonstrating that Ruzzy is working correctly.
Installation
Platform Support
Ruzzy supports Linux x86-64 and AArch64/ARM64. For macOS or Windows, use the Dockerfile or development environment.
Prerequisites
Linux x86-64 or AArch64/ARM64
Recent version of clang (tested back to 14.0.0, latest release recommended)
Ruby with gem installed
Installation Command
Install Ruzzy with clang compiler flags:
MAKE="make --environment-overrides V=1" \
CC="/path/to/clang" \
CXX="/path/to/clang++" \
LDSHARED="/path/to/clang -shared" \
LDSHAREDXX="/path/to/clang++ -shared" \
gem install ruzzyEnvironment variables explained:
MAKE: Overrides make to respect subsequent environment variablesCC,CXX,LDSHARED,LDSHAREDXX: Ensure proper clang binaries are used for latest features
Troubleshooting Installation
If installation fails, enable debug output:
RUZZY_DEBUG=1 gem install --verbose ruzzyVerification
Verify installation by running the toy example (see Quick Start section).
Writing a Harness
Fuzzing Pure Ruby Code
Pure Ruby fuzzing requires two scripts due to Ruby interpreter implementation details.
Tracer script (test_tracer.rb):
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'ruzzy'
Ruzzy.trace('test_harness.rb')Harness script (test_harness.rb):
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'ruzzy'
def fuzzing_target(input)
# Your code to fuzz here
if input.length == 4
if input[0] == 'F'
if input[1] == 'U'
if input[2] == 'Z'
if input[3] == 'Z'
raise
end
end
end
end
end
end
test_one_input = lambda do |data|
fuzzing_target(data)
return 0
end
Ruzzy.fuzz(test_one_input)Run with:
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
ruby test_tracer.rbFuzzing Ruby C Extensions
C extensions can be fuzzed with a single harness file, no tracer needed.
Example harness for msgpack (fuzz_msgpack.rb):
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'msgpack'
require 'ruzzy'
test_one_input = lambda do |data|
begin
MessagePack.unpack(data)
rescue Exception
# We're looking for memory corruption, not Ruby exceptions
end
return 0
end
Ruzzy.fuzz(test_one_input)Run with:
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
ruby fuzz_msgpack.rbHarness Rules
| Do | Don't |
|---|---|
| Catch Ruby exceptions if testing C extensions | Let Ruby exceptions crash the fuzzer |
| Return 0 from test_one_input lambda | Return other values |
| Keep harness deterministic | Use randomness or time-based logic |
| Use tracer script for pure Ruby | Skip tracer for pure Ruby code |
See Also: For detailed harness writing techniques, patterns for handling complex inputs, and advanced strategies, see the fuzz-harness-writing technique skill.
Compilation
Installing Gems with Sanitizers
When installing Ruby gems with C extensions for fuzzing, compile with sanitizer flags:
MAKE="make --environment-overrides V=1" \
CC="/path/to/clang" \
CXX="/path/to/clang++" \
LDSHARED="/path/to/clang -shared" \
LDSHAREDXX="/path/to/clang++ -shared" \
CFLAGS="-fsanitize=address,fuzzer-no-link -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-common -fPIC -g" \
CXXFLAGS="-fsanitize=address,fuzzer-no-link -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-common -fPIC -g" \
gem install <gem-name>Build Flags
| Flag | Purpose |
|---|---|
-fsanitize=address,fuzzer-no-link | Enable AddressSanitizer and fuzzer instrumentation |
-fno-omit-frame-pointer | Improve stack trace quality |
-fno-common | Better compatibility with sanitizers |
-fPIC | Position-independent code for shared libraries |
-g | Include debug symbols |
Running Campaigns
Environment Setup
Before running any fuzzing campaign, set ASAN_OPTIONS:
export ASAN_OPTIONS="allocator_may_return_null=1:detect_leaks=0:use_sigaltstack=0"Options explained:
allocator_may_return_null=1: Skip common low-impact allocation failures (DoS)detect_leaks=0: Ruby interpreter leaks data, ignore these for nowuse_sigaltstack=0: Ruby recommends disabling sigaltstack with ASan
Basic Run
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
ruby harness.rbNote: LD_PRELOAD is required for sanitizer injection. Unlike ASAN_OPTIONS, do not export it as it may interfere with other programs.
With Corpus
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
ruby harness.rb /path/to/corpusPassing libFuzzer Options
All libFuzzer options can be passed as arguments:
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
ruby harness.rb /path/to/corpus -max_len=1024 -timeout=10See libFuzzer options for full reference.
Reproducing Crashes
Re-run a crash case by passing the crash file:
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
ruby harness.rb ./crash-253420c1158bc6382093d409ce2e9cff5806e980Interpreting Output
| Output | Meaning |
|---|---|
INFO: Running with entropic power schedule | Fuzzing campaign started |
ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free | Memory corruption detected |
SUMMARY: libFuzzer: fuzz target exited | Ruby exception occurred |
artifact_prefix='./'; Test unit written to ./crash-* | Crash input saved |
Base64: ... | Base64 encoding of crash input |
Sanitizer Integration
AddressSanitizer (ASan)
Ruzzy includes a pre-compiled AddressSanitizer library:
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
ruby harness.rbUse ASan for detecting:
Heap buffer overflows
Stack buffer overflows
Use-after-free
Double-free
Memory leaks (disabled by default in Ruzzy)
UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer (UBSan)
Ruzzy also includes UBSan:
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::UBSAN_PATH') \
ruby harness.rbUse UBSan for detecting:
Signed integer overflow
Null pointer dereferences
Misaligned memory access
Division by zero
Common Sanitizer Issues
| Issue | Solution |
|---|---|
| Ruby interpreter leak warnings | Use ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0 |
| Sigaltstack conflicts | Use ASAN_OPTIONS=use_sigaltstack=0 |
| Allocation failure spam | Use ASAN_OPTIONS=allocator_may_return_null=1 |
| LD_PRELOAD interferes with tools | Don't export it; set inline with ruby command |
See Also: For detailed sanitizer configuration, common issues, and advanced flags, see the address-sanitizer and undefined-behavior-sanitizer technique skills.
Real-World Examples
Example: msgpack-ruby
Fuzzing the msgpack MessagePack parser for memory corruption.
Install with sanitizers:
MAKE="make --environment-overrides V=1" \
CC="/path/to/clang" \
CXX="/path/to/clang++" \
LDSHARED="/path/to/clang -shared" \
LDSHAREDXX="/path/to/clang++ -shared" \
CFLAGS="-fsanitize=address,fuzzer-no-link -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-common -fPIC -g" \
CXXFLAGS="-fsanitize=address,fuzzer-no-link -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-common -fPIC -g" \
gem install msgpackHarness (fuzz_msgpack.rb):
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'msgpack'
require 'ruzzy'
test_one_input = lambda do |data|
begin
MessagePack.unpack(data)
rescue Exception
# We're looking for memory corruption, not Ruby exceptions
end
return 0
end
Ruzzy.fuzz(test_one_input)Run:
export ASAN_OPTIONS="allocator_may_return_null=1:detect_leaks=0:use_sigaltstack=0"
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
ruby fuzz_msgpack.rbExample: Pure Ruby Target
Fuzzing pure Ruby code with a custom parser.
Tracer (test_tracer.rb):
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'ruzzy'
Ruzzy.trace('test_harness.rb')Harness (test_harness.rb):
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'ruzzy'
require_relative 'my_parser'
test_one_input = lambda do |data|
begin
MyParser.parse(data)
rescue StandardError
# Expected exceptions from malformed input
end
return 0
end
Ruzzy.fuzz(test_one_input)Run:
export ASAN_OPTIONS="allocator_may_return_null=1:detect_leaks=0:use_sigaltstack=0"
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
ruby test_tracer.rbTroubleshooting
| Problem | Cause | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Installation fails | Wrong clang version or path | Verify clang path, use clang 14.0.0+ |
cannot open shared object file | LD_PRELOAD not set | Set LD_PRELOAD inline with ruby command |
| Fuzzer immediately exits | Missing corpus directory | Create corpus directory or pass as argument |
| No coverage progress | Pure Ruby needs tracer | Use tracer script for pure Ruby code |
| Leak detection spam | Ruby interpreter leaks | Set ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0 |
| Installation debug needed | Compilation errors | Use RUZZY_DEBUG=1 gem install --verbose ruzzy |
Related Skills
Technique Skills
| Skill | Use Case |
|---|---|
| fuzz-harness-writing | Detailed guidance on writing effective harnesses |
| address-sanitizer | Memory error detection during fuzzing |
| undefined-behavior-sanitizer | Detecting undefined behavior in C extensions |
| libfuzzer | Understanding libFuzzer options (Ruzzy is built on libFuzzer) |
Related Fuzzers
| Skill | When to Consider |
|---|---|
| libfuzzer | When fuzzing Ruby C extension code directly in C/C++ |
| aflpp | Alternative approach for fuzzing Ruby by instrumenting Ruby interpreter |
Resources
Key External Resources
Introducing Ruzzy, a coverage-guided Ruby fuzzer Official Trail of Bits blog post announcing Ruzzy, covering motivation, architecture, and initial results.
Ruzzy GitHub Repository Source code, additional examples, and development instructions.
libFuzzer Documentation Since Ruzzy is built on libFuzzer, understanding libFuzzer options and behavior is valuable.
Fuzzing Ruby C extensions Detailed guide on fuzzing C extensions with compilation flags and examples.
Fuzzing pure Ruby code Detailed guide on the tracer pattern required for pure Ruby fuzzing.
Files
- ATTRIBUTION.mdAdded by AutoGineer927 B
- LICENSELicence file added by AutoGineer19.7 KiB
- SKILL.md11.9 KiB
- agents/openai.yaml231 B
- assets/trail-of-bits-mark.svg3.0 KiB
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processes of any jurisdiction or authority.
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Requirements and compatibility
Works with: Claude Code, Claude apps, OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Kiro, OpenCode, Goose, Amp, Roo Code, JetBrains Junie, Factory Droid, Devin (ex-Windsurf), Mistral Vibe, OpenHands, Letta
“Works with” means the tool reads the open Agent Skills format; a skill written for one tool may use features others lack.
Security
No issues found by our static scan· No issues found
A static scan is not a guarantee. Skills are third-party content: review a skill before you let an agent use it.
Attribution and licence
- Published by
- Trail of Bits
- Publisher
- Trail of Bits (Official)
- Source
- trailofbits/skills · plugins/testing-handbook-skills/skills/ruzzy · commit e4dd0bb
- Licence
- Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (redistribution allowed)
- LICENSE (added by AutoGineer from LICENSE)
- ATTRIBUTION.md (written by AutoGineer)
- Synced
AutoGineer is not affiliated with or endorsed by Trail of Bits.
Download ZIP
The ZIP holds the skill’s files, its licence files and an ATTRIBUTION.md. Download ruzzy.zip