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Ruzzy

Trail of BitsOfficialPublished by Trail of Bits

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  • Tool integration
  • Software development
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From the author

Sets up and runs Ruzzy, Trail of Bits' coverage-guided Ruby fuzzer and the only production-ready one for the language. Covers harness structure, fuzzing pure Ruby and the native C extensions in gems, and sanitizer builds. Use when fuzzing a Ruby library or gem, testing a Ruby C extension for memory safety, or asking how to fuzz Ruby at all.
— the description by Trail of Bits

AutoGineer summary

Written by AutoGineer from the skill’s own files, not by the author

Ruzzy is a production-ready, coverage-guided fuzzer designed specifically for the Ruby language. It leverages libFuzzer to enable robust testing of both pure Ruby code and native C extensions. By integrating with sanitizers like AddressSanitizer (ASan) and UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer (UBSan), it helps developers identify memory corruption, undefined behavior, and other critical vulnerabilities within Ruby gems and applications.

What it does

  • Provides coverage-guided fuzzing for Ruby code and C extensions
  • Supports integration with AddressSanitizer and UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer
  • Enables detection of heap overflows, use-after-free, and other memory safety issues
  • Includes a tracer mechanism for fuzzing pure Ruby logic
  • Allows passing custom libFuzzer options for fine-tuned campaigns
  • Supports reproduction of crashes using saved crash artifacts

When to use it

  • When you need to perform coverage-guided fuzzing on Ruby libraries or applications
  • When testing Ruby C extensions for memory safety and undefined behavior
  • When you need to identify crashes in Ruby gems with native components
  • When you require a production-ready fuzzing solution for the Ruby ecosystem

Advantages

  • Only production-ready coverage-guided fuzzer for Ruby
  • Directly detects memory corruption in C extensions
  • Integrates seamlessly with standard LLVM sanitizers
  • Flexible harness structure for both pure Ruby and C-based targets

Usage examples

“How do I set up a harness to fuzz a Ruby C extension like msgpack?”
The agent provides a Ruby script using the Ruzzy gem, wrapping the target method in a lambda and handling exceptions to ensure the fuzzer focuses on memory corruption.
“How can I run a fuzzing campaign on my Ruby code with a corpus?”
The agent provides the command using LD_PRELOAD to inject the sanitizer library, followed by the ruby command, the harness file, and the path to the corpus directory.
“What flags should I use to compile a Ruby gem for fuzzing?”
The agent lists the necessary CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS, including -fsanitize=address,fuzzer-no-link, -fno-omit-frame-pointer, and -g for debug symbols.

Install

  1. Download the skill as a ZIP:

    https://mp-staging.autogineer.com/agent-skills/trailofbits/ruzzy/download
  2. Unzip it into the cross-client skills folder of your project:

    mkdir -p .agents/skills && unzip ruzzy.zip -d .agents/skills

Documentation by Trail of Bits

Ruzzy

Ruzzy is a coverage-guided fuzzer for Ruby built on libFuzzer. It enables fuzzing both pure Ruby code and Ruby C extensions with sanitizer support for detecting memory corruption and undefined behavior.

When to Use

Ruzzy is currently the only production-ready coverage-guided fuzzer for Ruby.

Choose Ruzzy when:

  • Fuzzing Ruby applications or libraries

  • Testing Ruby C extensions for memory safety issues

  • You need coverage-guided fuzzing for Ruby code

  • Working with Ruby gems that have native extensions

Quick Start

Set up environment:

export ASAN_OPTIONS="allocator_may_return_null=1:detect_leaks=0:use_sigaltstack=0"

Test with the included toy example:

LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
    ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; Ruzzy.dummy'

This should quickly find a crash demonstrating that Ruzzy is working correctly.

Installation

Platform Support

Ruzzy supports Linux x86-64 and AArch64/ARM64. For macOS or Windows, use the Dockerfile or development environment.

Prerequisites
  • Linux x86-64 or AArch64/ARM64

  • Recent version of clang (tested back to 14.0.0, latest release recommended)

  • Ruby with gem installed

Installation Command

Install Ruzzy with clang compiler flags:

MAKE="make --environment-overrides V=1" \
CC="/path/to/clang" \
CXX="/path/to/clang++" \
LDSHARED="/path/to/clang -shared" \
LDSHAREDXX="/path/to/clang++ -shared" \
    gem install ruzzy

Environment variables explained:

  • MAKE: Overrides make to respect subsequent environment variables

  • CC, CXX, LDSHARED, LDSHAREDXX: Ensure proper clang binaries are used for latest features

Troubleshooting Installation

If installation fails, enable debug output:

RUZZY_DEBUG=1 gem install --verbose ruzzy
Verification

Verify installation by running the toy example (see Quick Start section).

Writing a Harness

Fuzzing Pure Ruby Code

Pure Ruby fuzzing requires two scripts due to Ruby interpreter implementation details.

Tracer script (test_tracer.rb):

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'ruzzy'

Ruzzy.trace('test_harness.rb')

Harness script (test_harness.rb):

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'ruzzy'

def fuzzing_target(input)
  # Your code to fuzz here
  if input.length == 4
    if input[0] == 'F'
      if input[1] == 'U'
        if input[2] == 'Z'
          if input[3] == 'Z'
            raise
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

test_one_input = lambda do |data|
  fuzzing_target(data)
  return 0
end

Ruzzy.fuzz(test_one_input)

Run with:

LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
    ruby test_tracer.rb
Fuzzing Ruby C Extensions

C extensions can be fuzzed with a single harness file, no tracer needed.

Example harness for msgpack (fuzz_msgpack.rb):

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'msgpack'
require 'ruzzy'

test_one_input = lambda do |data|
  begin
    MessagePack.unpack(data)
  rescue Exception
    # We're looking for memory corruption, not Ruby exceptions
  end
  return 0
end

Ruzzy.fuzz(test_one_input)

Run with:

LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
    ruby fuzz_msgpack.rb
Harness Rules
DoDon't
Catch Ruby exceptions if testing C extensionsLet Ruby exceptions crash the fuzzer
Return 0 from test_one_input lambdaReturn other values
Keep harness deterministicUse randomness or time-based logic
Use tracer script for pure RubySkip tracer for pure Ruby code

See Also: For detailed harness writing techniques, patterns for handling complex inputs, and advanced strategies, see the fuzz-harness-writing technique skill.

Compilation

Installing Gems with Sanitizers

When installing Ruby gems with C extensions for fuzzing, compile with sanitizer flags:

MAKE="make --environment-overrides V=1" \
CC="/path/to/clang" \
CXX="/path/to/clang++" \
LDSHARED="/path/to/clang -shared" \
LDSHAREDXX="/path/to/clang++ -shared" \
CFLAGS="-fsanitize=address,fuzzer-no-link -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-common -fPIC -g" \
CXXFLAGS="-fsanitize=address,fuzzer-no-link -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-common -fPIC -g" \
    gem install <gem-name>
Build Flags
FlagPurpose
-fsanitize=address,fuzzer-no-linkEnable AddressSanitizer and fuzzer instrumentation
-fno-omit-frame-pointerImprove stack trace quality
-fno-commonBetter compatibility with sanitizers
-fPICPosition-independent code for shared libraries
-gInclude debug symbols

Running Campaigns

Environment Setup

Before running any fuzzing campaign, set ASAN_OPTIONS:

export ASAN_OPTIONS="allocator_may_return_null=1:detect_leaks=0:use_sigaltstack=0"

Options explained:

  1. allocator_may_return_null=1: Skip common low-impact allocation failures (DoS)

  2. detect_leaks=0: Ruby interpreter leaks data, ignore these for now

  3. use_sigaltstack=0: Ruby recommends disabling sigaltstack with ASan

Basic Run
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
    ruby harness.rb

Note: LD_PRELOAD is required for sanitizer injection. Unlike ASAN_OPTIONS, do not export it as it may interfere with other programs.

With Corpus
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
    ruby harness.rb /path/to/corpus
Passing libFuzzer Options

All libFuzzer options can be passed as arguments:

LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
    ruby harness.rb /path/to/corpus -max_len=1024 -timeout=10

See libFuzzer options for full reference.

Reproducing Crashes

Re-run a crash case by passing the crash file:

LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
    ruby harness.rb ./crash-253420c1158bc6382093d409ce2e9cff5806e980
Interpreting Output
OutputMeaning
INFO: Running with entropic power scheduleFuzzing campaign started
ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-freeMemory corruption detected
SUMMARY: libFuzzer: fuzz target exitedRuby exception occurred
artifact_prefix='./'; Test unit written to ./crash-*Crash input saved
Base64: ...Base64 encoding of crash input

Sanitizer Integration

AddressSanitizer (ASan)

Ruzzy includes a pre-compiled AddressSanitizer library:

LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
    ruby harness.rb

Use ASan for detecting:

  • Heap buffer overflows

  • Stack buffer overflows

  • Use-after-free

  • Double-free

  • Memory leaks (disabled by default in Ruzzy)

UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer (UBSan)

Ruzzy also includes UBSan:

LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::UBSAN_PATH') \
    ruby harness.rb

Use UBSan for detecting:

  • Signed integer overflow

  • Null pointer dereferences

  • Misaligned memory access

  • Division by zero

Common Sanitizer Issues
IssueSolution
Ruby interpreter leak warningsUse ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0
Sigaltstack conflictsUse ASAN_OPTIONS=use_sigaltstack=0
Allocation failure spamUse ASAN_OPTIONS=allocator_may_return_null=1
LD_PRELOAD interferes with toolsDon't export it; set inline with ruby command

See Also: For detailed sanitizer configuration, common issues, and advanced flags, see the address-sanitizer and undefined-behavior-sanitizer technique skills.

Real-World Examples

Example: msgpack-ruby

Fuzzing the msgpack MessagePack parser for memory corruption.

Install with sanitizers:

MAKE="make --environment-overrides V=1" \
CC="/path/to/clang" \
CXX="/path/to/clang++" \
LDSHARED="/path/to/clang -shared" \
LDSHAREDXX="/path/to/clang++ -shared" \
CFLAGS="-fsanitize=address,fuzzer-no-link -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-common -fPIC -g" \
CXXFLAGS="-fsanitize=address,fuzzer-no-link -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-common -fPIC -g" \
    gem install msgpack

Harness (fuzz_msgpack.rb):

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'msgpack'
require 'ruzzy'

test_one_input = lambda do |data|
  begin
    MessagePack.unpack(data)
  rescue Exception
    # We're looking for memory corruption, not Ruby exceptions
  end
  return 0
end

Ruzzy.fuzz(test_one_input)

Run:

export ASAN_OPTIONS="allocator_may_return_null=1:detect_leaks=0:use_sigaltstack=0"
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
    ruby fuzz_msgpack.rb
Example: Pure Ruby Target

Fuzzing pure Ruby code with a custom parser.

Tracer (test_tracer.rb):

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'ruzzy'

Ruzzy.trace('test_harness.rb')

Harness (test_harness.rb):

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'ruzzy'
require_relative 'my_parser'

test_one_input = lambda do |data|
  begin
    MyParser.parse(data)
  rescue StandardError
    # Expected exceptions from malformed input
  end
  return 0
end

Ruzzy.fuzz(test_one_input)

Run:

export ASAN_OPTIONS="allocator_may_return_null=1:detect_leaks=0:use_sigaltstack=0"
LD_PRELOAD=$(ruby -e 'require "ruzzy"; print Ruzzy::ASAN_PATH') \
    ruby test_tracer.rb

Troubleshooting

ProblemCauseSolution
Installation failsWrong clang version or pathVerify clang path, use clang 14.0.0+
cannot open shared object fileLD_PRELOAD not setSet LD_PRELOAD inline with ruby command
Fuzzer immediately exitsMissing corpus directoryCreate corpus directory or pass as argument
No coverage progressPure Ruby needs tracerUse tracer script for pure Ruby code
Leak detection spamRuby interpreter leaksSet ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0
Installation debug neededCompilation errorsUse RUZZY_DEBUG=1 gem install --verbose ruzzy
Technique Skills
SkillUse Case
fuzz-harness-writingDetailed guidance on writing effective harnesses
address-sanitizerMemory error detection during fuzzing
undefined-behavior-sanitizerDetecting undefined behavior in C extensions
libfuzzerUnderstanding libFuzzer options (Ruzzy is built on libFuzzer)
SkillWhen to Consider
libfuzzerWhen fuzzing Ruby C extension code directly in C/C++
aflppAlternative approach for fuzzing Ruby by instrumenting Ruby interpreter

Resources

Key External Resources

Introducing Ruzzy, a coverage-guided Ruby fuzzer Official Trail of Bits blog post announcing Ruzzy, covering motivation, architecture, and initial results.

Ruzzy GitHub Repository Source code, additional examples, and development instructions.

libFuzzer Documentation Since Ruzzy is built on libFuzzer, understanding libFuzzer options and behavior is valuable.

Fuzzing Ruby C extensions Detailed guide on fuzzing C extensions with compilation flags and examples.

Fuzzing pure Ruby code Detailed guide on the tracer pattern required for pure Ruby fuzzing.

Files

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Requirements and compatibility

Works with: Claude Code, Claude apps, OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Kiro, OpenCode, Goose, Amp, Roo Code, JetBrains Junie, Factory Droid, Devin (ex-Windsurf), Mistral Vibe, OpenHands, Letta

“Works with” means the tool reads the open Agent Skills format; a skill written for one tool may use features others lack.

Security

No issues found by our static scan· No issues found

A static scan is not a guarantee. Skills are third-party content: review a skill before you let an agent use it.

Attribution and licence

Published by
Trail of Bits
Publisher
Trail of Bits (Official)
Source
trailofbits/skills · plugins/testing-handbook-skills/skills/ruzzy · commit e4dd0bb
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (redistribution allowed)
  • LICENSE (added by AutoGineer from LICENSE)
  • ATTRIBUTION.md (written by AutoGineer)
Synced

AutoGineer is not affiliated with or endorsed by Trail of Bits.

Download ZIP

The ZIP holds the skill’s files, its licence files and an ATTRIBUTION.md. Download ruzzy.zip