Teams App Developer

kotlin-to-ts-ts

purpose

Rewriting Kotlin source code as idiomatic TypeScript — covering Kotlin-specific syntax (trailing lambdas, null-safety operators, string templates, it, when, extension functions) that the Java-to-TS expert does not address.

rules

1. Kotlin string templates ("Hello $name", "text ${expr}") map directly to TypeScript template literals (`Hello ${name}`, `text ${expr}`). Multi-line strings with .trimIndent() become TS template literals with no call needed — TS template literals already preserve literal indentation.

2. Kotlin trailing lambda syntax (app.command("/echo") { req, ctx -> ... }) maps to a callback argument: app.command("/echo", async (req, ctx) => { ... }). The lambda body { ... } becomes async (...) => { ... } when the target API is async.

3. Kotlin SAM (Single Abstract Method) conversions — where a lambda replaces a single-method interface — map to TypeScript function arguments directly. app.event(handler) where handler is a lambda becomes app.on("event", async (ctx) => { ... }).

4. Kotlin it (implicit single-parameter lambda) must be given an explicit name in TS. list.filter { it.isActive } becomes list.filter((item) => item.isActive). Choose a meaningful name from context (req, ctx, msg, user, etc.).

5. Kotlin null-safety operator ?. maps to TS optional chaining ?.. Kotlin !! (non-null assertion) maps to TS ! (non-null assertion). Kotlin elvis ?: maps to TS nullish coalescing ??. Examples: user?.name → user?.name, value!! → value!, name ?: "default" → name ?? "default".

6. Kotlin when expressions map to TS switch statements or chained ternaries. when with no subject (boolean conditions) maps to if/else if. when with a subject (value matching) maps to switch. If used as an expression (assigned to a variable), prefer chained ternaries or an IIFE wrapping a switch.

7. Kotlin val maps to const (for locals) or readonly (for class fields). Kotlin var maps to let. Never use var in the TS output — always const or let.

8. Kotlin fun at package level (top-level functions) maps to TS exported functions: export function myFn() { ... }. Kotlin does not require a wrapping class for top-level functions, and neither does TS.

9. Kotlin extension functions (fun String.toSlug(): String) have no direct TS equivalent. Convert to a standalone utility function: function toSlug(s: string): string. If the extension is on a project type, consider adding a method to the class instead.

10. Kotlin data class maps to a TypeScript interface (for pure data) or a class with constructor shorthand (if methods are needed). data class User(val name: String, val email: String) → interface User { readonly name: string; readonly email: string; }. Destructuring val (name, email) = user → const { name, email } = user.

11. Kotlin object declarations (singletons) map to a plain TS module-level const object or a namespace. object Config { val port = 3000 } → const Config = { port: 3000 } as const. Kotlin companion object maps to static members on the class or module-level constants.

12. Kotlin sealed class / sealed interface maps to TS discriminated union types. sealed class Result with subclasses Success and Error → type Result = { kind: 'success'; value: T } | { kind: 'error'; error: string }.

13. Kotlin scope functions (let, run, apply, also, with) should be inlined rather than translated literally. user?.let { sendEmail(it) } → if (user) sendEmail(user). config.apply { port = 3000; host = "localhost" } → direct property assignments.

14. Kotlin listOf(), mapOf(), mutableListOf(), mutableMapOf() map to TS array/object literals: listOf("a", "b") → ["a", "b"], mapOf("key" to "value") → { key: "value" } or new Map([["key", "value"]]).

15. Kotlin for (item in list) maps to for (const item of list). Kotlin ranges for (i in 0 until n) → for (let i = 0; i < n; i++). Kotlin for (i in 0..n) (inclusive) → for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++).

16. Kotlin type casts: as (unsafe cast) → TS as (type assertion). as? (safe cast) → TS has no direct equivalent; use a type guard function or conditional check.

17. Kotlin ::class.java / SomeClass::class.java (class references for reflection) should be removed. In the Slack Bolt SDK, app.event(AppMentionEvent::class.java) { ... } becomes a string-based route: app.on("message", async (ctx) => { ... }) in Teams.

patterns

Trailing lambda + ack pattern (Slack Bolt → Teams)

// --- Before (Kotlin) ---
app.command("/echo") { req, ctx ->
    val text = "You said ${req.payload.text} at <#${req.payload.channelId}|${req.payload.channelName}>"
    ctx.respond { it.text(text) }
    ctx.ack()
}

// --- After (TypeScript, Teams SDK) ---
app.on('message', async ({ activity, send }) => {
  const text = `You said ${activity.text}`;
  await send(text);
});

Null-safety chain

// --- Before (Kotlin) ---
val hash = event.event.view?.hash
val name = user?.profile?.displayName ?: "Unknown"
val id = data!!.userId

// --- After (TypeScript) ---
const hash = event.event.view?.hash;
const name = user?.profile?.displayName ?? 'Unknown';
const id = data!.userId;

String templates + trimIndent

// --- Before (Kotlin) ---
val view = """
{
  "type": "home",
  "blocks": [
    {
      "type": "section",
      "text": {
        "type": "mrkdwn",
        "text": "Hello ${user.name}! Updated: ${ZonedDateTime.now()}"
      }
    }
  ]
}
""".trimIndent()

// --- After (TypeScript) ---
const view = {
  type: 'home' as const,
  blocks: [
    {
      type: 'section',
      text: {
        type: 'mrkdwn',
        text: `Hello ${user.name}! Updated: ${new Date().toISOString()}`,
      },
    },
  ],
};
// Prefer a typed object over a JSON string when the target SDK accepts objects.
// If a raw string is truly needed:
const viewJson = JSON.stringify(view);

When expression → switch

// --- Before (Kotlin) ---
val response = when (action) {
    "approve" -> "Approved!"
    "reject" -> "Rejected."
    "defer" -> "Deferred to next week."
    else -> "Unknown action: $action"
}

// --- After (TypeScript) ---
let response: string;
switch (action) {
  case 'approve':
    response = 'Approved!';
    break;
  case 'reject':
    response = 'Rejected.';
    break;
  case 'defer':
    response = 'Deferred to next week.';
    break;
  default:
    response = `Unknown action: ${action}`;
}

Scope function inlining

// --- Before (Kotlin) ---
val result = config.apply {
    port = 3000
    host = "localhost"
}

user?.let { ctx.say("Hello ${it.name}") }

val mapped = items.map { it.name to it.value }.toMap()

// --- After (TypeScript) ---
const config = { port: 3000, host: 'localhost' };

if (user) {
  await send(`Hello ${user.name}`);
}

const mapped = Object.fromEntries(items.map((item) => [item.name, item.value]));

Object declaration / companion object

// --- Before (Kotlin) ---
class ResourceLoader {
    companion object {
        fun loadAppConfig(name: String = "appConfig.json"): AppConfig {
            // ...
        }
    }
}
// Usage: ResourceLoader.loadAppConfig()

// --- After (TypeScript) ---
// Companion object → module-level function (no class wrapper needed)
export function loadAppConfig(name = 'appConfig.json'): AppConfig {
  // ...
}
// Usage: loadAppConfig()

pitfalls

• Forgetting to name it: Every Kotlin it reference must get an explicit TS parameter name. Blindly searching for it will produce false positives on English words — search for { it. and { it -> patterns.

• trimIndent() on JSON strings: Kotlin examples often build JSON as .trimIndent() multiline strings. In TS, prefer a typed object literal instead of a string. If the target API needs a string, use JSON.stringify(obj) for safety over manual template literals.

• !! overuse: Kotlin's !! means "throw if null". TS's ! is only a compile-time assertion — it does NOT throw at runtime. If the Kotlin code relies on !! for runtime safety, add an explicit null check instead.

• as? safe cast: Kotlin's as? returns null if the cast fails. TS's as never fails at runtime (it's a compile-time assertion). Translate as? to a type guard check, not a bare as.

• Trailing lambda position: Kotlin allows the last lambda argument to be outside the parentheses. In TS, ALL arguments go inside the parentheses. app.command("/echo") { req, ctx -> } → app.command("/echo", async (req, ctx) => { }).

• listOf() / mapOf() immutability: Kotlin's listOf() returns an immutable list. TS arrays are mutable by default. If immutability matters, use as const or ReadonlyArray<T>.

• Class reference syntax: SomeClass::class.java in Kotlin (used for event type registration in Slack Bolt) has no TS equivalent. Replace with the string event name expected by the target SDK.

• Extension functions on primitives: Kotlin can extend String, Int, etc. TS cannot extend primitive types. Always convert to standalone functions.

• Destructuring data classes: Kotlin val (a, b) = pair uses componentN() functions. TS destructuring uses property names: const { first, second } = pair. The names must match.

references

• https://kotlinlang.org/docs/basic-syntax.html — Kotlin syntax reference

• https://kotlinlang.org/docs/null-safety.html — Kotlin null-safety operators

• https://kotlinlang.org/docs/lambdas.html — Kotlin lambda syntax and SAM conversions

• https://kotlinlang.org/docs/scope-functions.html — let, run, apply, also, with

• https://kotlinlang.org/docs/data-classes.html — Data classes

• https://kotlinlang.org/docs/extensions.html — Extension functions

• https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/template-literal-types.html — TS template literals

• https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/narrowing.html — TS type narrowing and guards

instructions

Use this expert when the source code is Kotlin (.kt files). It handles Kotlin-specific syntax that the java-to-ts-ts.md expert does not cover: trailing lambdas, it implicit parameters, string templates, trimIndent(), null-safety operators (?., !!, ?:), when expressions, scope functions, extension functions, data class, object/companion object, sealed classes, and ::class.java references. For Java SDK types, generics, collections, and Lombok patterns, pair with java-to-ts-ts.md. For type system mapping, pair with type-mapping-ts.md.

research

Deep Research prompt:

"Write a micro expert on converting Kotlin to TypeScript. Cover: string templates to template literals, trailing lambda syntax to callback arguments, SAM conversions, it implicit parameter, null-safety operators (?. !! ?:) to optional chaining/nullish coalescing/non-null assertion, when expressions to switch, val/var to const/let, extension functions to utility functions, data class to interface, object declarations to module constants, sealed class to discriminated unions, scope functions (let/run/apply/also/with) inlining, and class reference syntax removal. Include 4-5 worked side-by-side examples."